What is Cement & Types Of Cement Used For Construction Works
Hello friends, today in this post you will learn about the What Is Cement & Types of Cement Used for Construction works & detail stepwise procedure.
So, don't skip to read the post completely. After reading the post, you will completely understand the simple tests of the Compression test on concrete cubes.
So, let's start with these amazing topic...
What is Cement ?
Cement is a fine powder material, which work as a binder when water is added in it.
Cement is a mixture which having different compounds consisting mainly of silicates & aluminates of calcium formed out of silica, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide.
The working action of Cement is same as glue, because it sticking two objects together. Here it helps to bind natural compounds like sand and aggregate.
When water is added to cement the hydration process starts.
Hydration is the chemical process between water and cement. These process helps to produces a bond between sand & aggregate.
Nowadays, in market there are various type of cement available as per requirements.
Application of Cement
1.Cement is mostly used as mortar for concrete. Here the main function of cement is to mixed with aggregates to form a specific grade of concrete.
2.Mortar is a mixture of cement and sand having aggregate size of less than 5 mm.
3.Mortars made from cement are used for binding bricks, blocks, and stone in masonry walls.
4.Concrete has a wide range of applications in construction. industry. Mixtures of soil with portland cement are used for the construction of the base layer of roads.
5.Portland cement has applications in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, shingles, pipes, beams, railroad ties, etc.
History of Cement
As per the research, older time people's know about the binding property of lime. In the past, people using lime for making brick bonds and other work.
The Roman Empire used lime concretes & also developed the pozzolanic cement material of lime and certain volcanic earth.
This concrete & lime mortar continued to be used up to the Middle Ages.
Joseph Aspdin an English engineer from England city in 1824, successfully produced a powder made from the calcined mixture of limestone & clay.
After few time, Aspdin patented the material, & the name was given as “Portland Cement”.
Reason behind that is that, when it hardened it produced a material similar to stones from the quarries near Portland Island in the UK.
After few time the process of manufacturing cement has changed but the formula & material remain the s
In 1845, Isaac Charles Johnson had done an experiment, he burnt a mixture of clay & chalk till the tinkering stage to make better cement. After these they established factories in 1851.
The German standard specification for Portland cement was drawn in 1887.
The British standard specification was first drawn in 1904.
After that first ASTM specification was issued in 1904.
In India, Cement manufacting started first in 1904 near Madras by South India Industrial Ltd. But this venture failed.
The cement manufacturing unit in Turkey was first started by the Darica Cement Factory in 1913 which having a production capacity of 20,000 tons/year.
Below are the Raw Materials of Portland Cement :
1.Calcareous material (CaCO3) having amount more than 75% such as limestone, marl, chalk.
2.Argillaceous material (CaCO3) having less than 40% such as clay and shale,
3.Argillocalcareous material having 40-75% CaCO3 such as clayey limestone, clayey marl.
Manufacturing of Portland cement can be done from any two groups above.
This raw material must be used in the proper form and proportions of lime, silica, and alumina.
Manufacture of Cement
Below are four stages of manufacture of portland cement :
1.Crushing and Grinding
In first step, Soft materials are first crushed, too in two stages. This Grinding process can be done in a wet or dry state which depends on the process which to be use.
In dry state grinding process, the raw materials are dried in cylindrical rotary dryers.
Here also the Soft materials are needed to be broken down through vigorous stirring with the water in wash mills.
This produces a fine slurry, which is later passed through the screens for removal of oversize particles.
2.Blending :
In the second step, blending of the crushed raw materials done. Initially, an approximation of the chemical composition required for a specific cement is obtained through selective quarrying.
There having control of the raw material fed in the process to the crushing & grinding plant.
In the dry process mixing of the materials in the silos is carried out by agitation & vigorous circulation which include compressed air.
As well as, in the wet process, the slurry tanks are needed to be stirred by the mechanical equipments.
3.Burning :
When the raw material is fed to the kiln at the upper end, it slowly moves down the kiln at the firing end. The fuel used for the burning process is pulverized coal, oil or natural gas.
The temperatureused for burning is in the range of 1350-1550 °C or 2460-2820 °F. It mostly depending on the type of raw material being burned.
The burned product comes out from the kiln in the form of small nodules of clinker. These clinkers are then passed into coolers for cooling.
The colled clinker depending on its properties can be immediately ground into cement or stored in stockpiles for further use.
The shaft kiln is used in many countries modern days but the dominant means of burning is the rotary kiln.
4.Grinding
The clinker and gypsum are ground to form a fine powder in mills similar to those used before for grinding the raw materials brought directly to mills.
Material properly grinned are passed further while the improperly grinned are again taken to grinding. Sometimes it is required to add a small amount of grinding aid to feed material. Finished cement is stored in bags and packages for distribution.
Importance of Cement In Construction
It is a widely used binding material in the construction industry. After its invention Cement become popular among all other building materials.
It is almost absolutely the use of other binding materials like clay and lime. We can say that cement is ruling construction for the past hundreds of years.
It is a major element in concrete and it can hold the structure together for a long time.
Cement work as a binder which helps the other construction materials together.
Cement having a vast application in the construction industry. Main use for plastering, tiling, finishing, interior, and exterior work finish, etc.
India is the 2nd largest Cement Industry in the world consuming 8% of the global cement installed capacity as per the Cement Manufacturers Association.
As well as the Indian cement industry is the largest consumer of fly ash produced by thermal power plants.
As per research India almost consumes 100% of slag produced by the steel plant of India.
Types of Cement In India
- Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
- Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
- Rapid Hardening Cement
- Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
- Quick Setting Cement
- Low Heat Cement
- Sulphate Resisting Cement
- Portland Slag Cement (PSC)
- High Alumina Cement
- White Cement
- Coloured Cement
- Air Entraining Cement
- Hydrophobic Cement
- Masonry Cement
- Expansive Cement
- Oil Well Cement
FAQs:
What Is Cement?
Cement is a fine powder material, it act as a binder when water is added to it.Cement was the mixture of different compounds such as silicates & aluminates of calcium formed out of silica, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide.
Which Types of Cement are mostly used In India?
Here are the various types of Cement used in India :
1.Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
2.Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
3.Rapid Hardening Cement
4.Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
5.Quick Setting Cement
6.Low Heat Cement
7.Sulphate Resisting Cement
8.Portland Slag Cement (PSC)
9.High Alumina Cement
10.White Cement
11.Coloured Cement
12.Air Entraining Cement
13.Hydrophobic Cement
14.Masonry Cement
15.Expansive Cement
16.Oil Well Cement, etc.
Which type of test is used for checking the quality of cement ?
- Fineness
- Soundness
- Setting Time
- Strength..
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